{"id":76879,"date":"2020-11-16T04:43:39","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T03:43:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pointblanknews.com\/pbn\/?p=76879"},"modified":"2020-11-16T04:43:39","modified_gmt":"2020-11-16T03:43:39","slug":"endsars-african-studies-scholars-write-biden-harris-transition-team-demand-human-rights-governance-reform","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pointblanknews.com\/pbn\/exclusive\/endsars-african-studies-scholars-write-biden-harris-transition-team-demand-human-rights-governance-reform\/","title":{"rendered":"#EndSARS: African Studies Scholars Write Biden\/Harris Transition Team, Demand Human Rights, Governance Reform"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
African studies scholars in the United States, have written to the Biden\/Harris Transition Team, urging a more robust response to the #EndSARS \u00a0movement in #Nigeria and voicing support for a foreign policy centered on #HumanRights and governance reform.<\/strong><\/div>\n
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November 13, 2020<\/strong>
\nBiden-Harris Transition Team
\nTed Kaufman
\nAnita Dunn, co-chair
\nRepresentative Cedric Richmond, co-chair
\nGovernor Michelle Lujan Grisham, co-chair
\nJeffrey Zients, co-chair<\/p>\n

Dear Members of the Biden-Harris Transition Team:<\/p>\n

We are writing to condemn the violent crackdown on non-violent protests in Nigeria, and in support of US assistance for police reform and accountability. As longtime scholars of Nigeria, we have been appalled by the government\u2019s reckless use of violence and disproportionate force against peaceful civilians. We believe these abuses demand unequivocal diplomatic condemnation from the United States. Moreover, such gross human rights violations require additional action by the United States to eliminate any complicity with official actions blatantly at odds with American foreign policy principles, to advance the work of democratic reform in Nigeria, and to reinforce our shared obligations to international human rights agreements.
\nOn 8 October, demonstrations erupted across Nigeria when a video surfaced showing officers from the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) shooting an unarmed man. Nigerian youths organized peaceful protests across the country, uniting around demands known as \u201c5for5,\u201d calling for: the release of protestors being held, justice for victims of violence and their families, the formation of an independent body to oversee investigation and prosecution of perpetrators, psychological evaluations and retraining of officers formerly in SARS, and increasing police salary.\u00a0 On 20 October 2020, in what has become known as the \u201cLekki Toll Gate Massacre\u201d or \u201cBlack Tuesday,\u201d the Nigerian army shot and killed at least 12 unarmed protesters singing the national anthem and holding the Nigerian flag while over 120,000 people worldwide witnessed this brutality on social media live streams. This pattern of violence by security forces, resulting in the deaths of at least 56 peaceful protestors in different incidents across Nigeria, obligates the international community to act.
\nFor years, SARS has committed systematic human rights violations. Even before the protests erupted in October, Amnesty International documented at least 82 cases of torture, ill treatment and extra-judicial execution by SARS between January 2017 and May 2020. Such abuses continued despite the passage of Anti-Torture Legislation by Nigeria\u2019s National Assembly in 2017. Recurring failures to reform the police over the last two decades have fostered an overall climate of impunity. President Muhammadu Buhari has neither responded to the 5for5 demands, nor taken adequate steps to stop the unwarranted killing of peaceful protesters. In a recent\u00a0letter to President Buhari, the U.S. Congressional Black Caucus<\/a>\u00a0urged him to do so.
\nThe Nigerian government is obligated to uphold the right to non-violent protest and ensure the safety of protestors in accordance with Chapter IV, Section 40 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (as amended), Article 20 of the\u00a0Universal Declaration of Human Rights<\/a>, and Article 21 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Article 11 of the\u00a0African Charter on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights<\/a>\u00a0also guarantees the right to peacefully assemble, and Article 5 prohibits torture and cruel and degrading treatment of persons.<\/p>\n

We therefore urge the United States to:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Use the authority granted under the Global Magnitsky Act to\u00a0place targeted sanctions, including asset freezes and travel bans<\/strong>, on politicians, officials and other Nigerians implicated in recent human rights abuses. These incidents should include but not be limited to the Lekki Toll Gate Massacre, various attacks on protestors since October 8, and other abuses of Nigerians engaged in peaceful free speech activities. Consistent with the December 2017\u00a0Executive Order on \u201cBlocking the Property of Persons Involved in Serious Human Rights Abuse or Corruption,\u201d<\/a>\u00a0the sanctions should apply to SARS and other special police units determined \u201cto be responsible for or complicit in, or to have directly or indirectly engaged in, serious human rights abuse.\u201d As scholars of Nigeria, we believe such steps would advance democratic reform efforts and hold abusive security services accountable. As the Black Lives Matter movement in the United States has poignantly reminded us, democracy and rule of law cannot flourish amidst impunity.<\/li>\n
  2. Suspend security assistance and military sales<\/strong>to the Nigerian police and security forces implicated in or broadly culpable for violence utilized against #EndSARS protesters until the Buhari administration fully complies with relevant laws and policies to ensure accountability for human rights violations.<\/li>\n
  3. Support the authorization of a panel of experts under the United Nations Human Rights Council<\/strong>. The panel could investigate human rights violations by the Nigerian security services, identify alleged perpetrators and hold them accountable. Such a process could broadly engage Nigerian authorities alongside other stakeholders in order to achieve a public accounting that would promote truth, healing, and democratic reform.<\/li>\n
  4. Support the International Criminal Court\u2019s ongoing preliminary examination in Nigeria<\/strong>\u00a0by offering assistance to a widened inquiry that includes the Lekki Toll Gate Massacre and SARS-related atrocities. A critical first step in providing such support is for the administration to immediately\u00a0rescind the June 2020 Executive Order used to sanction the ICC Prosecutor Fatou Bensouda<\/a>and one of her senior officials. Thereafter, the U.S. should offer in-kind support to the Office of the Prosecutor at the ICC in its efforts to gather evidence about individual perpetrators accused of atrocity crimes arising out of SARS abuses.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    We, the undersigned scholars, stand in solidarity with the people of Nigeria in their quest to strengthen rule of law and advance democratic reform. We hope your incoming foreign policy administration will fully commit to the above requests, which we believe will both strengthen Nigerian democracy and America\u2019s enduring friendship with a critical African ally and friend. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Institutional affiliations are listed for identification purposes only and do not indicate an organizational endorsement.<\/p>\n

    Sincerely,<\/p>\n

    A. Carl LeVan, American University
    \nChiedo Nwankwor, Johns Hopkins-SAIS
    \nPatrick Ukata, Halsik Group
    \nRita \u201cKiki\u201d Edozie, University of Massachusetts \u2013 Boston
    \nOlufemi Vaughan, Amherst College
    \nJohn Campbell, Council on Foreign Relations
    \nSteve Feldstein, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
    \nMojubaolu Olufunke Okome, Brooklyn College \u2013 CUNY
    \nOnwubiko Agozino, Virginia Tech
    \nMatthias Chika Mordi, Johns Hopkins \u2013 SAIS
    \nBrandon Kendhammer, Ohio University
    \nOmolade Adunbi, University of Michigan \u2013 Ann Arbor
    \nShobana Shankhar, Stony Brook, SUNY
    \nHilary Matfess, Yale University
    \nCajetan Iheka, Yale University
    \nAdrienne LeBas, American University
    \nDavid Laitin, Stanford University
    \nJudy Byfield, Cornell University
    \nRichard Joseph, Northwestern University
    \nMatthew T. Page, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
    \nAmina Mama, University of California, University of Ghana, Feminist Africa
    \nDeborah Brautigam, Johns Hopkins University \u2013 SAIS
    \nCheryl O\u2019Brien, San Diego State University
    \nLarry Diamond, Stanford University
    \nDaniel Jordan Smith, Brown University
    \nNathan Hosler, Office of Peacebuilding and Policy, Church of the Brethren
    \nFaith I. Okpotor, Moravian College
    \nAbosede George, Barnard College \u2013 Columbia University
    \nFarooq Kperogi, Kennesaw State University
    \nHannane Ferdjani, former Nieman Fellow at Harvard University
    \nBobby Digi Olisa, Nigerians In Diaspora Organization NewYork \/Canvas Institute INC
    \nKara Roop Miheretu, Pennsylvania State University
    \nRebecca Rwakabukoza, Northwestern University
    \nBeth Evans, Brooklyn College, City University of New York
    \nJacqueline Copeland, Black Philanthropy Month and The WISE Fund
    \nChenise Calhoun, Tulane University
    \nGretchen Bauer, University of Delaware
    \nOyeronke Oyewumi, Stony Brook University
    \nFunmilayo Agbaje, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
    \nOusseina Alidou, Rutgers University
    \nPeyi S Soyinka-Airewele, Ithaca College, Ithaca NY
    \nModupe Oshikoya, Virginia Wesleyan University
    \nNamulundah, Brooklyn College, CUNY
    \nM\u00f2nica Cejas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (Mexico City)
    \nCarolina Bank Mu\u00f1oz, Brooklyn College
    \nElias Bongmba, Rice University
    \nRose Ndengue, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen
    \nZola Makosana, University of the Western Cape
    \nKathleen Barker, City University of New York: Medgar Evers College
    \nChika Okoye, Rutgers University
    \nPrudence Cumberbatch, Brooklyn College
    \nJill M. Humphries, University of Toledo
    \nMark Ungar, Brooklyn College
    \nMobina Hashmi, City University of New York
    \nZachariah Mampilly, City University of New York
    \nTherese McGinn, Self-employed
    \nAmy Kraizman, CUNY The Graduate Center
    \nAnita Plummer, Howard University
    \nAnene Ejikeme, Trinity University
    \nAdryan Wallace, Stony Brook University
    \nJean Eddy Saint Paul, City University of New York: Brooklyn College
    \nNasim Almuntaser, City University Of New York: Brooklyn College
    \nSaheed Aderinto, Western Carolina University
    \nEmmanuel Balogun, Skidmore College
    \nGabriel B\u00e1mgb\u00f3\u1e63\u00e9, Rutgers University-New Brunswick
    \nNaluwembe Binaisa, University College London
    \nIfeoluwa M. Olawole, American University
    \nAderonke Adesola Adesanya, James Madison University
    \nT.D. Harper-Shipman, Davidson College
    \nOceane Jasor, Concordia University
    \nZandi Sherman, Rutgers University
    \nRose Ndengue, Universit\u00e9 de Rouen
    \nJacob Olupona, Harvard University
    \nJudith Van Allen, Cornell University
    \nAderonke Adesola Adesanya, James Madison University
    \nProfessor Stella M. Nkomo, University of Pretoria, South Africa
    \nOmowumi Olufunbi Elemo, James Madison College, Michigan State University
    \nCandy Dato, Retired
    \nLaurel Lesio
    \nKevin Mcgirr, UCSF
    \nPauline Halpern Baker, The Fund for Peace
    \nDarren Kew, University of Massachusetts, Boston
    \nBarbara M. Cooper, Rutgers
    \nMeredeth Turshen, Rutgers University
    \nClovis Bergere, University of Pennsylvania
    \nJustin Mullikin, Rutgers University
    \nOghenetoja Okoh, Loyola University Maryland
    \nFaith Adogame, Rutgers University \u2013 Newark
    \nPaul M. Lubeck, Johns Hopkins University \u2013 SAIS<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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