By Ken Agala
In May 2020, Lucien Kabuga, an 86 years old Rwandan fugitive was
captured in France. Kabuga had been a fugitive for 26 years. He had been
sought by Interpol, FBI, the international crimes tribunal, the Rwanda
government and an international union of bounty hunters. Two years
earlier, the US state department had placed a 5 million dollars reward
on his head.
Kabuga is being tried for crimes against humanity because of the role he
played in the Rwandan genocide.
However, Kabuga might not have lifted a machete or hoe in the horror of
Rwanda, but as one one of Rwanda’s richest men, Kabuga’s radio station
RTLM, led the propaganda that daily fed hate to his fellow ethnic Hutus,
acting as a catalyst for the Rwanda Genocide.
The two major items on the hands of the Interahamwe, the Hutu killer
militia, was always a small transistor radio and a machete. While the
radios guided the killer gangs around the country , identifying Tutsis,
over 500,000 machetes imported into the country by Kabuga and a few Hutu
elites, chopped down ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus like a bunch of
trees.
Visiting the Kigali Genocide Memorial is such an introspecting
experience which I think every African statesman, politician or aspiring
leader should have.
The Kigali genocide memorial, is actually the burial site of 250,000
people. It was built to honour the dead, preserve the history of the
genocide against the tutsis and is seen as a symbol of ‘NEVER AGAIN’.
If you want to imagine 250,000 dead bodies , just imagine seeing 10
corpses lying dead. Then imagine 50,100, then 1000, then 250,000. If you
lie them down side by side on a football pitch to fill every space on a
pitch, you will need the space of 60 football pitches to lay the dead.
This burial site is just one of the various burial sites in Rwanda that
served as permanent resting places for the remains of the victims of the
genocide.
When I experienced the Kigali Genocide memorial with a group of friends
in 2016, one thing we noticed was that, we couldn’t talk for almost 10
minutes when we walked out of the memorial through the exit. The
experience actually leaves you speechless.
The children’s memorial had intimate details and life size photographs
of the deceased children, their names , favourite toys , their schools,
the manner in which they were killed, then some of their dead small
skulls lying beside a few of their belongings.
As you walk through the labyrinth of history with the informative audio
and virtual reality gadgets, you will hear the stories , the recorded
cries of victims begging not to be killed, tales from survivors, while
the entire maze is filled with relics of the genocide, from one foot
shoes of running victims to their cracked skulls at times with the
killer weapons still embedded right through the skull .
I’m sure many people do not know that the Hutus and Tutsi are the same
people. Same culture, same language and same ethnic group. The only
thing that separated them was that the Hutus were farmers while the
Tutsis were cattle herders. This was the major basis which the Belgians
used in differentiating them and issuing them with identify cards.
How come hatred grew so much that they managed to break world record for
the fastest and most effective killing in human history?
Of all the deaths that occurred during America’s wars from 1990(
Operation Desert storm) to 2018( War against ISIS), including all the
wars in Iraq, Afghanistan and over 70 countries where the USA fought
their war on terror, with the most effective military hardware, over a
28 year period. Military historians put the total deaths, including
civilian and military casualties to about 500,000.
The Atomic bombs that dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki recorded about
200,000 deaths which the entire world still considers as most
horrendous. But ethnic Hutus managed to effectively kill one million of
their Tutsi brothers and moderate Hutus in less than 100 days.
The kill rate must have been like 10,000 per day.
Not with any weapons of mass destruction, no tanks , no air crafts or
sub machine hellfire guns, but with machetes, hoes, stone’s and any make
shift that can be turned into a killing instrument. This is how powerful
hate can be.
For hundred days, the Hutu propaganda radios kept shouting that the
graves are not full enough, urging on the killings of the Tutsis whom
they referred to as Cockroaches.
Ironically the Hutus make up about 85% of the country, they had the
Presidency and other key offices then, but somehow, they kept believing
and spreading stories that these cow herders were going to conquer them.
The fear was so morbid that every Tutsi, including a woman or child was
seen as an enemy and potential conquerer.
You might have read several literature about the Rwanda 1990 genocide,
but a visit to the Kigali memorial will knock you off your feet and
teach you that long time hatred and propaganda can turn humans into
little bits of satan the devil. It will immediately bring you out of any
ethnicity and usher you into the race of humanity.
The beauty of the Rwandan story is that the civil war victors, Tutsi
rebels that ended the war, did not gloat or carry out reprisal killings
, but they had a visionary leadership who stepped in to unify the
country despite the fact that they suffered the genocide.
Asked if she was Hutu or Tutsi, a Rwandese friends eyes popped open with
shock and her voice became low as if afraid . “We are all Rwandans, we
don’t have Hutu or Tutsi. We don’t talk about it and we don’t know it”
she said making sure that nobody else heard her.
Rising out of that ashes of death and hate, Rwanda today is the pride of
Africa .
Crime rate is almost zero and the city is the cleanest in africa. While
other african countries are still varying files in government offices,
Rwanda is using drones to deliver medicine to rural areas.
While neighboring Congo and Burundi are still ruled by who owns more
AK47s, Rwandese are coming out monthly alongside their President,
legislatures and all government officials to do Umuganda, a community
works exercise where everyone is entitled to physically work for their
environment.
While African giants like Nigeria is still struggling with generators ,
Rwanda is extracting Methane Gas under water from Lake Kivu and turning
it into Electricity.
While we are still carrying dusty files in our civil service and bribing
public servants , Rwanda has implemented full technology where you can
go online and do every public service needed, leading the Smart Africa
alliance and of course this has led them to the top, in ease of doing
business in Africa.
But ironically, we have a similar history with Rwanda, with the result
looking like the opposite.
In the early hours of 15th January 1966, a young Kaduna born Major of
Igbo parenthood, led some officers to kill over 20 people which included
the then Prime Minister of Nigeria in an attempted coup.
The events of this action led to a vicious pogrom against many innocent
Igbos whose crime was that they were from the same ethnicity as the
parents of the coup leader.
The pogroms and resultant rebellion by south east leaders led to a
vicious 30 month unnecessary and vicious civil war which killed millions
of Nigeria and destroyed lots of properties.
Looking back now, one can just imagine how irresponsible and immature
the leaders of that era were, not to have prevented that war. They were
like little kids with expensive toys. That was how leadership was to
them.
But in both scenarios , profiling played a dangerous role, and it’s
unfortunate that while Rwanda has risen from the ashes of that stupidity
to say never again ,Nigeria is still dancing around the precipice of an
ethnic instigated insurrection.
Nigerians are still pigeon holed according to their ethnicity or the god
they worship. We are still hearing irresponsible infantile statements
like ‘all igbo should leave the north and all Fulani should leave the
west’.
Ethnic and Religious profiling is still on the rise, and it’s
unfortunate to hear leading religious leaders like Sheik Gumi come out
to class muslim soldiers as non criminals while the non muslims are
responsible for what he calls ‘criminality ‘ against bandits.( I still
don’t understand how a soldier commits a crime against a bandit )
Nigeria is not only in dire need of the leadership to provide critical
infrastructure, but a leadership that will belong to everyone and belong
to no one. A leadership whose body language and actions will be free of
nepotism and division. A leadership that will diffuse the gunpowder
which the country is sitting upon.
( Ken Agala )